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Chinese History - Jin Dynasty 金 (1115-1234)

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Jin Dynasty
emperors and rulers

period before (Five Dynasties)
-- Song Dynasty
--aLiao Dynasty
-- Xixia Empire
next period (Yuan)
Map and Geography
See also titles of rulers.

Rulers of the Jin Dynasty 金 (1115-1234)

dynastic title
-----reign mottos (begin)

temple name

personal name

time

Jin Taizu 金太祖
-----Shouguo 收國
-----Tianfu 天輔 1117
Wanyan Min 完顏旻 (Aguda 阿骨打)1115-1123
Jin Taizong 金太宗
-----Tianhui 天會
Wanyan Sheng; not -cheng! 完顏晟1123-1135
Jin Xizong 金熙宗
-----Tianhui 天會
-----Tianjuan 天眷 1138
-----Huangtong 皇統 1141
Wanyan Dan 完顏亶1135-1149
(The Prince of Hailing 海陵王)
-----Tiande 天德
-----Zhenyuan 貞元 1153
-----Zhenglong 正隆 1156
Wanyan Liang 完顏亮1149-1161
Jin Shizong 金世宗
-----Dading 大定
Wanyan Yong 完顏雍1161-1190
Jin Zhangzong 金章宗
-----Mingchang 明昌
-----Cheng'an 承安 1196
-----Taihe 泰和 1201
Wanyan Jing 完顏璟1190-1209
(The Prince of Weishao 衛紹王)
-----Daan 大安
-----Chongqing 崇慶 1212
-----Zhining 至寧 1213
Wanyan Yongji 完顏永濟 (Yunji 允濟)1209-1213
Jin Xuanzong 金宣宗
-----Zhenyou 貞祐
-----Xingding 興定 1217
-----Yuanguang 元光 1222
Wanyan Xun 完顏珣1213-1224
Jin Aizong 金哀宗
-----< Basin 塔里木盆地 was controlled by Uighurs (Uyghur, "Weiwur" 畏兀兒) and the Western Liao empire (Xiliao 西遼). About the geography of the Western Xia empire (Xixia 西夏), see the corresponding page about Western Xia geography.

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d to the Mongolian steppe but was captured soon. Wanyan Min died in the next year after the conquest of the Liao empire.
Wanyan Sheng 完顏晟 took over the regency of the Jin empire (posthumous title Jin Taizong 金太宗) and continued the conquest war, now against the Song Dynasty 宋 that reigned Kaifeng 開封/modern Henan. Wanyan Gao 完顏杲 and Wanyan Zonghan 完顏宗翰 were the supreme military leaders of the Jin army that first reconquered Yanjing and Taiyuan 太原/modern Shanxi, and in 1126 the Song capital Kaifeng fell into the hands of the Jin armies. The Song emperors shifted their capital to Lin'an 臨安 (modern Hangzhou 杭州/Zhejiang), and the north of China was now controled by the Jurchen. Wanyan Zongbi 完顏宗弼 plundered Hangzhou in 1129 but withdrew his troops. In these years, Zhang Bangchang 張邦昌 founded the short-lived Chu Dynasty 楚, and Liu Yu 劉豫 the short-lived Qi Dynasty 齊 in the region of modern Hebei and Henan.

The powerful Jin empire

In 1135 the young Wanyan Dan 完顏亶 (posthumous title Jin Xizong 金熙宗) became emperor of Jin. At this time, the Jin empire did not only consist of Jurchen, but most of the subjects were other people, like Khitan (Chinese: Qidan 契丹), Bohai 渤海 and Chinese. There was the urgent need for restructuring the administration of such a vast area that now stretched the River Amur south to the Yangtse and the Yellow Sea to the great Yellow River Bend. Giving up the traditional system of the bojilie chieftain-ruler, the Jin court took over the Chinese administration system of the central government (see administration of the Jin). Court intrigues among the Jurchen warrior aristocracy lead to the downfall of Wanyan Zonghan's group and the rise of Wanyan Chang 完顏昌 and Wanyan Zongpan 完顏宗磐 who on their own side were again ousted by Wanyan Xiyin, Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹, and Wanyan Zongbi. The capital was shifted to Bianjing 汴京 (Kaifeng) in 1140. In the next year, a treaty between Song China and the Jin emperor fixed the course of the River Huai 淮河 as border between the two empires. The last years of Jin Xizong's reign are characterized by the influence of the clan of this consort, the family Peiman 裴滿. In 1149 Wanyan Dan was murdered by marshal Wanyan Liang 完顏亮, Prince of Hailing 海陵王.
The first steps of Prince Hailing in his government were to weaken the imperial family by executing the sons and grand-sons of Jin Taizong and to appoint Non-Jurchen people with the highest state offices that until then were occupied by members of the Wanyan clan: Da ??? 大[白/大] and Zhang Hao 張浩 were people of Bohai, Zhang Tonggu 張通古 was a Chinese, and Xiao Yu 蕭裕 Xi 奚. He refo