| A universal guide for China studiesChinese History - The Sixteen Kingdoms 五胡十六國 (300~430) |
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The Sixteen Kingdoms |  period before (Jin Dynasty)-- Southern Dynasties -- Northern Wei next period (Sui)  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  The Xiongnu 匈奴 Liu Yuan 劉淵 saw himself as a successor of the great Han Dynasty 漢, because his forefathers had once obtained the surname of the Han Dynasty rulers. In the field of politics, the Xiongnu clan of the Liu employed Non-Chinese titles and institutions as well as Chinese ones. Many people were resettled to the capital to ensure the supply with food and commodities. Furthermore, this policy lead to an administration that was less blown-up than the traditional Chinese local administration. The Zhao empire is named after the old feudal state of Zhao 趙 during the Zhou Dynasty 周. The name "Northern Han" (Beihan 北漢) is given in contrast to the Cheng-Han 成漢 empire in Sichuan.  See also titles of rulers.Note: The rulers of the sideline dynasties are usually not called with their posthumous dynastic titles but with their personal names as they are not accepted as righteous rulers by official historiographies.
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